Skip to content
Research
Trade
& Technology
Conventional Arms
Emerging Technology
Nonproliferation
Trade Risk Mitigation
Artificial Intelligence
Conventional Arms
Emerging Technology
Nonproliferation
Trade Risk Mitigation
Artificial Intelligence
Security
& Strategy
Grand Strategy
Defense Policy & Posture
Diplomacy & Dialogue
Grand Strategy
Defense Policy & Posture
Diplomacy & Dialogue
Human Security
& Governance
Human Rights & IHL
International & Regional Organizations
Peacekeeping
Protection of Civilians
Human Rights & IHL
International & Regional Organizations
Peacekeeping
Protection of Civilians
Climate
& Natural Resources
Energy, Water & Oceans
Resilience & Sustainability
Critical Minerals
Energy, Water & Oceans
Resilience & Sustainability
Critical Minerals
Pivotal
Places
Asia & Indo-Pacific
Asia & Indo-Pacific
China
Japan
Korean Peninsula
South Asia
Southeast Asia
China
Japan
Korean Peninsula
South Asia
Southeast Asia
Middle East & North Africa
Russia
Latin America & the Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
Russia
Latin America & the Caribbean
Engagement
Solutions
Events
About
About Stimson
Mission & Vision
News & Announcements
Programs
History
Loomis Council
EastWest Council
Mission & Vision
News & Announcements
Programs
History
Loomis Council
EastWest Council
Transparency
Ethics & Independence
Funding & Finances
Our Core Values
Ethics & Independence
Funding & Finances
Our Core Values
People
Staff & Affiliates
Board of Directors
Work at Stimson
Staff & Affiliates
Board of Directors
Work at Stimson
Subscribe
First Name
Last Name
Email
Subscribe
More Subscription Options
Search
Find Research
Research, programs and projects, events, and institutional information.
Search
Find Experts
Staff and affiliates by name or research area.
By Research Area
Climate & Natural Resources
-Critical Minerals
-Energy, Water & Oceans
-Resilience & Sustainability
Human Security & Governance
-Human Rights & IHL
-International & Regional Organizations
-Peacekeeping
-Protection of Civilians
Pivotal Places
-Asia & Indo-Pacific
--China
--Japan
--Korean Peninsula
--South Asia
--Southeast Asia
-Latin America & the Caribbean
-Middle East & North Africa
-Russia
Security & Strategy
-Defense Policy & Posture
-Diplomacy & Dialogue
-Grand Strategy
Trade & Technology
-Artificial Intelligence
-Conventional Arms
-Emerging Technology
-Nonproliferation
-Trade Risk Mitigation
Search
Donate
Research
Trade
& Technology
Conventional Arms
Emerging Technology
Nonproliferation
Trade Risk Mitigation
Artificial Intelligence
Conventional Arms
Emerging Technology
Nonproliferation
Trade Risk Mitigation
Artificial Intelligence
Security
& Strategy
Grand Strategy
Defense Policy & Posture
Diplomacy & Dialogue
Grand Strategy
Defense Policy & Posture
Diplomacy & Dialogue
Human Security
& Governance
Human Rights & IHL
International & Regional Organizations
Peacekeeping
Protection of Civilians
Human Rights & IHL
International & Regional Organizations
Peacekeeping
Protection of Civilians
Climate
& Natural Resources
Energy, Water & Oceans
Resilience & Sustainability
Critical Minerals
Energy, Water & Oceans
Resilience & Sustainability
Critical Minerals
Pivotal
Places
Asia & Indo-Pacific
Asia & Indo-Pacific
China
Japan
Korean Peninsula
South Asia
Southeast Asia
China
Japan
Korean Peninsula
South Asia
Southeast Asia
Middle East & North Africa
Russia
Latin America & the Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
Russia
Latin America & the Caribbean
Engagement
Solutions
Events
About
About Stimson
Mission & Vision
News & Announcements
Programs
History
Loomis Council
EastWest Council
Mission & Vision
News & Announcements
Programs
History
Loomis Council
EastWest Council
Transparency
Ethics & Independence
Funding & Finances
Our Core Values
Ethics & Independence
Funding & Finances
Our Core Values
People
Staff & Affiliates
Board of Directors
Work at Stimson
Staff & Affiliates
Board of Directors
Work at Stimson
Subscribe
First Name
Last Name
Email
Subscribe
More Subscription Options
Search
Find Research
Research, programs and projects, events, and institutional information.
Search
Find Experts
Staff and affiliates by name or research area.
By Research Area
Climate & Natural Resources
-Critical Minerals
-Energy, Water & Oceans
-Resilience & Sustainability
Human Security & Governance
-Human Rights & IHL
-International & Regional Organizations
-Peacekeeping
-Protection of Civilians
Pivotal Places
-Asia & Indo-Pacific
--China
--Japan
--Korean Peninsula
--South Asia
--Southeast Asia
-Latin America & the Caribbean
-Middle East & North Africa
-Russia
Security & Strategy
-Defense Policy & Posture
-Diplomacy & Dialogue
-Grand Strategy
Trade & Technology
-Artificial Intelligence
-Conventional Arms
-Emerging Technology
-Nonproliferation
-Trade Risk Mitigation
Search
Donate
Research
Trade
& Technology
Conventional Arms
Emerging Technology
Nonproliferation
Trade Risk Mitigation
Artificial Intelligence
Conventional Arms
Emerging Technology
Nonproliferation
Trade Risk Mitigation
Artificial Intelligence
Security
& Strategy
Grand Strategy
Defense Policy & Posture
Diplomacy & Dialogue
Grand Strategy
Defense Policy & Posture
Diplomacy & Dialogue
Human Security
& Governance
Human Rights & IHL
International & Regional Organizations
Peacekeeping
Protection of Civilians
Human Rights & IHL
International & Regional Organizations
Peacekeeping
Protection of Civilians
Climate
& Natural Resources
Energy, Water & Oceans
Resilience & Sustainability
Critical Minerals
Energy, Water & Oceans
Resilience & Sustainability
Critical Minerals
Pivotal
Places
Asia & Indo-Pacific
Asia & Indo-Pacific
China
Japan
Korean Peninsula
South Asia
Southeast Asia
China
Japan
Korean Peninsula
South Asia
Southeast Asia
Middle East & North Africa
Russia
Latin America & the Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
Russia
Latin America & the Caribbean
Engagement
Solutions
Events
About
About Stimson
Mission & Vision
News & Announcements
Programs
History
Loomis Council
EastWest Council
Mission & Vision
News & Announcements
Programs
History
Loomis Council
EastWest Council
Transparency
Ethics & Independence
Funding & Finances
Our Core Values
Ethics & Independence
Funding & Finances
Our Core Values
People
Staff & Affiliates
Board of Directors
Work at Stimson
Staff & Affiliates
Board of Directors
Work at Stimson
Subscribe
First Name
Last Name
Email
Subscribe
More Subscription Options
Search
Find Research
Research, programs and projects, events, and institutional information.
Search
Find Experts
Staff and affiliates by name or research area.
By Research Area
Climate & Natural Resources
-Critical Minerals
-Energy, Water & Oceans
-Resilience & Sustainability
Human Security & Governance
-Human Rights & IHL
-International & Regional Organizations
-Peacekeeping
-Protection of Civilians
Pivotal Places
-Asia & Indo-Pacific
--China
--Japan
--Korean Peninsula
--South Asia
--Southeast Asia
-Latin America & the Caribbean
-Middle East & North Africa
-Russia
Security & Strategy
-Defense Policy & Posture
-Diplomacy & Dialogue
-Grand Strategy
Trade & Technology
-Artificial Intelligence
-Conventional Arms
-Emerging Technology
-Nonproliferation
-Trade Risk Mitigation
Search
Donate
Research
Trade
& Technology
Conventional Arms
Emerging Technology
Nonproliferation
Trade Risk Mitigation
Artificial Intelligence
Conventional Arms
Emerging Technology
Nonproliferation
Trade Risk Mitigation
Artificial Intelligence
Security
& Strategy
Grand Strategy
Defense Policy & Posture
Diplomacy & Dialogue
Grand Strategy
Defense Policy & Posture
Diplomacy & Dialogue
Human Security
& Governance
Human Rights & IHL
International & Regional Organizations
Peacekeeping
Protection of Civilians
Human Rights & IHL
International & Regional Organizations
Peacekeeping
Protection of Civilians
Climate
& Natural Resources
Energy, Water & Oceans
Resilience & Sustainability
Critical Minerals
Energy, Water & Oceans
Resilience & Sustainability
Critical Minerals
Pivotal
Places
Asia & Indo-Pacific
Asia & Indo-Pacific
China
Japan
Korean Peninsula
South Asia
Southeast Asia
China
Japan
Korean Peninsula
South Asia
Southeast Asia
Middle East & North Africa
Russia
Latin America & the Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
Russia
Latin America & the Caribbean
Engagement
Solutions
Events
About
About Stimson
Mission & Vision
News & Announcements
Programs
History
Loomis Council
EastWest Council
Mission & Vision
News & Announcements
Programs
History
Loomis Council
EastWest Council
Transparency
Ethics & Independence
Funding & Finances
Our Core Values
Ethics & Independence
Funding & Finances
Our Core Values
People
Staff & Affiliates
Board of Directors
Work at Stimson
Staff & Affiliates
Board of Directors
Work at Stimson
Subscribe
First Name
Last Name
Email
Subscribe
More Subscription Options
Search
Find Research
Research, programs and projects, events, and institutional information.
Search
Find Experts
Staff and affiliates by name or research area.
By Research Area
Climate & Natural Resources
-Critical Minerals
-Energy, Water & Oceans
-Resilience & Sustainability
Human Security & Governance
-Human Rights & IHL
-International & Regional Organizations
-Peacekeeping
-Protection of Civilians
Pivotal Places
-Asia & Indo-Pacific
--China
--Japan
--Korean Peninsula
--South Asia
--Southeast Asia
-Latin America & the Caribbean
-Middle East & North Africa
-Russia
Security & Strategy
-Defense Policy & Posture
-Diplomacy & Dialogue
-Grand Strategy
Trade & Technology
-Artificial Intelligence
-Conventional Arms
-Emerging Technology
-Nonproliferation
-Trade Risk Mitigation
Search
Donate
Donate
Policy Paper
Climate & Natural Resources
Environmental Security Program
The Security of Cities: Development, Environment, and Conflict on an Urbanizing Planet
By
Peter Engelke
Energy, Water & Oceans
August 30, 2012
Download
Read the full working paper here
Download the full working paper by Peter Engelke using the link above.
