Concern over the reliability of U.S. security guarantees prior to Israel’s strike on Qatar facilitated the strategic rapprochement between Cairo and Riyadh
Many of the groups are supported by Israeli authorities who see Palestinian fragmentation as a way to both contain Hamas and to perpetuate Israel’s occupation
The reopening of the Iraq-Turkey pipeline, Gulf-Turkey energy partnerships, and the Middle Corridor expansion point to an emerging infrastructure network that diminishes bottlenecks and empowers regional middle players
