With India facing Chinese nuclear modernization and expansion, recurring crises with Pakistan, and broader technological advancements, officials and observers have questioned whether India’s nuclear doctrine and posture require updating.

In our latest episode of Strategic Dialogues, retired Air Marshal Rajesh Kumar, former Commander-in-Chief of India’s Strategic Forces Command, joins South Asia program director Elizabeth Threlkeld for a conversation on how India can maintain nuclear deterrence against its two main adversaries without altering its doctrine.