Defense Strategy & Planning

Studying the use of military force as an instrument of foreign policy, diplomacy, and coercion

The Defense Strategy and Planning project studies the role of military force and operational art in modern great power competition. Our team conducts rigorous research and analysis on the ways, means, and ends of military operations conducted by the U.S., China, and other major powers to achieve foreign policy objectives short of war. Our work highlights the evolving role of military force in the post-Cold War era, including in gray zone conflict.

By combining military and diplomatic history with data-driven analysis, we identify and assess the historical, environmental, and political characteristics that have shaped the modern use of military force, and provide tools and analysis to decision-makers to help inform choices on how to more effectively use the U.S. military across domains and into the future.

Book
Examining China’s use of its armed forces for coercion in the 21st century
James Siebens
Book
Examining the use of the U.S. military force as a coercive tool, using lessons drawn from the post-Cold War era (1991–2018).
Barry Blechman • James Siebens • Melanie W. Sisson

Reports & Papers

Report
It is time for the United States to rethink how it engages with the rest of the world
Christopher Preble
Book
Examining China’s use of its armed forces for coercion in the 21st century
James Siebens
Report
China’s use of Military Operations Other Than War (MOOTW) is essential to understanding how Beijing views the utility of military force in the 21st century.
James Siebens • Ryan Lucas
Book
Examining the use of the U.S. military force as a coercive tool, using lessons drawn from the post-Cold War era (1991–2018).
Barry Blechman • James Siebens • Melanie W. Sisson
Report
Building understanding among stakeholders about AI technology and develop responsive solutions to mitigate risks.
Melanie W. Sisson

Additional Research

Video
Christopher Preble outlines five recommendations for a better U.S. foreign policy
Christopher Preble • Adrienne Cuffley
Policy Memo
Assumption: China’s military buildup and “gray-zone” coercion means it will be more effective in dominating its neighbors and achieving its goals
James Siebens
Data Tool
An interactive visualization and downloadable dataset of overseas US active duty troop presence from 1991-2020.
James Siebens • Ryan Lucas • Jocelyn Wang
Impact
Insight for defense policymakers that challenges longstanding assumptions
Project Note
Despite its status as sole superpower after the Cold War, US efforts to coerce other states failed as often as they succeeded.

News & Commentary

Commentary
A new foreign policy agenda that sets priorities and shares burdens with other global actors can lead to a more credible grand strategy
Christopher Preble
Commentary
Ankara has legitimate security concerns, but the alliance should firmly reject Erdogan’s transactional diplomacy when it comes to Swedish accession
James Siebens • Mathieu Droin
Commentary
The best way Europe can support the U.S. Indo-Pacific strategy is by shoring up European security – and freeing the U.S. to focus on providing security in the Indo-Pacific
Rupert Schulenburg
Commentary
There is a real danger that the actions the United States is taking in an effort to signal support for Taiwan will actually spur a conflict over Taiwan
James Siebens • Spencer Dingman
Commentary
Putin may have intended to achieve his political goals in Ukraine merely by presenting a highly credible threat of invasion.
James Siebens
Commentary
Too often, foreign policy analysts have focused principally on the hard power component of China’s ambitions in the South China Sea.
Ryan Lucas
Commentary
The doctrine of “strategic ambiguity” makes it critical that any military action taken in defense of Taiwan has the overwhelming support of the American public.
James Loomis
Op-Ed
The U.S. needs to make clear if transits through the Taiwan Strait are routine demonstrations of its navigational rights or intentional signals of deterrence.
James Siebens • Ryan Lucas

Events

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Publications & Project Lists

38 North: News and Analysis on North Korea