This is the culmination of a two-year project launched by The Henry L. Stimson Center to explore means to ameliorate security relations between Japan and China. A team of American and Japanese security specialists and a group of senior advisors were assembled in 2000 to explore how the United States and Japan could build a framework for security cooperation with China by enhancing their bilateral alliance. The project focused on how the Alliance partners should link their policies to build a durable framework to integrate China as a cooperative member of the regional order. Essays have been prepared on four aspects of this issue: theoretical considerations of changing the dynamics of the US-Japan alliance relation-ship; the effect of domestic politics on China policymaking; national strategic policy considerations; and differing modes of Alliance relations with China.