Protecting marine environments and ensuring the ocean’s sustainability is a global issue, and nowhere is this more important right now than in the South China Sea, a body of water offering abundant and complex marine ecosystems. However, because of disputed territorial claims between China, Vietnam, Taiwan, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Brunei, the South China Sea disputes remain a serious threat to political and ecological security in Southeast Asia. Science diplomacy is advantageous to this dispute management process, and the probability that it can contribute to successfully managing it is high. It is imperative that global scientific, conservation, and legal communities unite to halt coral reef destruction, biodiversity loss, and fisheries depletion. This chapter offers a framework aimed at achieving cooperation and ensuring security in the region.