Violence Based on Religion or Belief: Taking Action at the United Nations

…https://appgfreedomofreligionorbelief.org/media/200615-Nigeria-Unfolding-Genocide-Report-of-the-APPG-for-FoRB.pdf, p. 6. 47 U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom, https://www.uscirf.gov/sites/default/files/2020%20Factsheet%20-%20UN%20HR%20Mechanisms.pdf“Factsheet: UN Human Rights System,” October 2020, https://www.uscirf.gov/sites/default/files/2020%20Factsheet%20-%20UN%20HR%20Mechanisms.pdf, p. 3. 48 United Nations Human Rights Council, “List of HRC-Mandated Commissions…

Four Days in May: The India-Pakistan Crisis of 2025

…Lessons Learned (Washington, DC: U.S. Institute of Peace, 2024), http://www.christopherorenclary.com/uploads/3/9/7/7/39777795/clary_ceasefire_2024_final.pdf. That ceasefire, already fraying in recent months, collapsed after the Indian air, drone, and artillery strikes.39On pre-Pahalgam ceasefire violations, see,…

NATO Allies and the Protection of Civilians

…Edition A-1’ (NATO Standardization Office, 14 August 2017), https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/allied-joint-doctrine-for-security-force-assistance-sfa-ajp-316a; ‘Allied Joint Doctrine for Stability Policing AJP-3.22 Edition A-1’ (NATO Standardization Office, July 2016), https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/628228/20160801-nato_stab_pol_ajp_3_22_a_secured.pdf; ‘Allied Joint Doctrine for Non-Combatant Evacuation…

Building Bridges, Reinforcing Protection

…Civilians in Armed Conflict” (London: Foreign and Commonwealth Office, 2010), https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/32950/ukstrategy-protect-cvilians-arms-conflict.pdf. 15   Note: Exec. Order No. 13,732, 3 C.F.R. 499 (2017). https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CFR-2017-title3-vol1/pdf/CFR-2017-title3-vol1-eo13732.pdf.    16   Note: As per CIVIC’s definition,…

CORVI Risk Assessment: Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

…Nicholls, “Population and Assets Exposure to Coastal Flooding in Dar es Salaam (Tanzania): Vulnerability to Climate Extremes,” Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, last edited January 17, 2011, https://typo3.p264412.webspaceconfig.de/fileadmin/_migrated/content_uploads/Dar-es-Salaam_City-Analysis_Final-Report_1__01.pdf. Moreover,…

Semiconductors and Taiwan’s “Silicon Shield”

…and Fostering Broad-Based Growth: 100-Day Reviews under Executive Order 14017,” June 2021, at https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/100-day-supply-chain-review-report.pdf.     and included a broad range of concrete steps to be taken by relevant U.S. Departments and…

Climate Stress and Civilian Targeting in the Sahel: Between Violence and Opportunity

…the Potential Pathways to Conflict: Outlining a Research Agenda,” WIREs Climate Change 12, no. 5 (2021), https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.722; Malin Mobjörk, Florian Krampe, and Kheira Tarif, Pathways of Climate Insecurity: Guidance for Policymakers, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), 2020, https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2020-11/pb_2011_pathways_2.pdf; Robert Muggah and José Luengo Cabrera, “The…